Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease in Dogs

Description of the Condition

Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease (LCPD) is a condition where the blood supply to the head of the femur (hip joint) is reduced or cut off.

  • This causes the bone to weaken and die (avascular necrosis).

  • Over time, the femoral head collapses, leading to arthritis, pain, and hip dysfunction.

  • The condition typically affects small breed dogs and usually appears between 4–12 months of age.

  • It is not reversible, but surgery and rehabilitation can restore comfort and mobility.

Common Causes

  • The exact cause is unknown.

  • Suspected links to genetic predisposition and abnormal blood supply to the hip.

  • Not caused by trauma or injury.

Breeds at Risk

  • Most common in small/toy breeds, such as:

    • Yorkshire Terriers

    • Poodles (Toy and Miniature)

    • Chihuahuas

    • Dachshunds

    • West Highland White Terriers

  • Rare in large breeds.

Possible Treatments

  • Conservative Management (rare): Pain relief and restricted activity may provide temporary improvement, but most cases worsen.

  • Surgical Management:

    • Femoral Head and Neck Ostectomy (FHO): Removal of the diseased femoral head, allowing a false joint to form.

    • Total Hip Replacement: Less common in small dogs but an option in severe cases.

  • Rehabilitation is critical after surgery to restore mobility and muscle strength.

Role of Rehabilitation

Post-Surgical Recovery

  • Early controlled activity to encourage use of the limb.

  • Gait retraining to prevent abnormal walking patterns.

  • Pain management and gradual reintroduction of movement.

Massage and Stretching

  • Massage to relieve tightness in surrounding hip and back muscles.

  • Gentle stretching to maintain range of motion.

Strengthening and Stability

  • Sit-to-stand exercises to build hind limb strength.

  • Controlled leash walks progressing to longer sessions.

  • Swimming for safe, low-impact conditioning.

Measuring Recovery and Communication

  • Regular progress evaluations to track muscle mass, stride length, and mobility.

  • Goniometry to monitor hip range of motion.

  • Progress reports for owners, with exercise adjustments as needed.

What Owners Can Do at Home

Safe Handling and Environment

  • Restrict high-impact activity until cleared (no running, jumping, or rough play).

  • Use non-slip flooring to prevent falls.

  • Provide a soft orthopedic bed for hip support.

Home Exercises (When Cleared by Rehab Practitioner)

  • PROM: Gentle hip flexion and extension exercises.

  • Sit-to-stand drills: Encourage weight-bearing and strengthening.

  • Controlled leash walks: Start short and gradually increase.

  • Massage: Relax tight muscles and promote circulation.

Long-Term Support

  • Maintain a lean body weight to reduce hip stress.

  • Provide joint supplements (glucosamine, omega-3 fatty acids if recommended).

  • Lifelong strengthening and conditioning to keep the “false joint” functional.

Monitoring and Communication

  • Track mobility, lameness, and comfort daily.

  • Watch for signs of pain (reluctance to walk, difficulty rising).

  • Communicate regularly with your vet or rehab practitioner to adjust the recovery plan.

Final Thoughts

Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease can be painful and limiting for young dogs, but with surgical treatment, rehabilitation, and long-term home care, most affected dogs return to an active, comfortable lifestyle. Owner commitment to daily exercises and weight management is key to success.