Radius and Ulna Fractures in Dogs

Description of the Condition

The radius and ulna are the two bones of the forearm. Fractures of these bones are fairly common in dogs, especially in the forelimbs because they bear the majority of body weight.

  • A fracture may be simple (clean break) or complex (multiple fragments, displaced).

  • Depending on severity, fractures may require external support (splints/casts) or surgical stabilization (plates, screws, or external fixators).

  • If left untreated or improperly managed, fractures can heal incorrectly, causing permanent lameness, deformity, or pain.

Common Causes

  • Trauma: Falls, being hit by a car, jumping from a height.

  • Stress fractures: Rare, but can occur with repetitive stress in active dogs.

  • Pathologic fractures: Occur when bone is weakened by underlying disease (e.g., bone cancer).

Breeds at Risk

  • Small and toy breeds (e.g., Chihuahuas, Italian Greyhounds, Toy Poodles) — more prone due to fine, delicate bones.

  • Any breed can suffer from fractures due to trauma.

  • Active and athletic dogs are at higher risk from impact injuries.

Possible Treatments

  • Conservative Management: Casting or splinting for simple, stable fractures in certain dogs.

  • Surgical Management: Plates, screws, or external fixators for unstable, displaced, or comminuted fractures.

  • Post-Operative Care: Strict rest, restricted activity, and long healing periods are often necessary (typically 6–12 weeks).

Role of Rehabilitation

Post-Surgical Recovery

  • Controlled rehabilitation to rebuild muscle strength while protecting the healing bone.

  • Gait retraining to restore normal stride and weight-bearing.

  • Gradual return to activity to prevent reinjury.

Temperature Therapies, Stretching, and Recovery Massage

  • Cold therapy during the initial recovery phase to reduce swelling and pain.

  • Heat therapy later to improve circulation and decrease stiffness.

  • Gentle stretching for joints above and below the fracture site.

  • Massage to relieve tension in compensating muscles.

Strengthening and Stability

  • Low-impact, controlled weight-bearing activities as healing progresses.

  • Core and proximal limb strengthening to support balanced movement.

  • Hydrotherapy may be introduced later for safe strengthening.

Measuring Recovery and Communication

  • Radiographs at regular intervals to monitor bone healing.

  • Goniometry to measure range of motion.

  • Progress reports documenting pain, function, and mobility.

  • Owner participation with guided home exercise programs.

What Owners Can Do at Home

Fracture recovery takes time, patience, and strict management. Your at-home care is critical to successful healing.

Safe Handling and Environment

  • Strict activity restriction: No running, jumping, or rough play until cleared.

  • Confine to a crate, pen, or small room during healing.

  • Use non-slip rugs to prevent slips that could re-injure the fracture.

  • Always walk on a short leash — never off-leash until healing is complete.

Cast or Splint Care

  • Keep bandages clean and dry at all times (use a waterproof cover when going outside).

  • Check toes daily for swelling, odor, or discharge.

  • Prevent chewing or licking with an e-collar if necessary.

  • Report any slipping, rubbing, or damage to the cast/splint to your vet immediately.

Home Exercises (When Cleared by Your Rehab Practitioner)

  • Passive Range of Motion (PROM): Gentle movement of shoulder and carpus (not the fracture site).

  • Massage: Relax overworked muscles in the shoulder and back.

  • Controlled short walks: Only as approved — start with just a few minutes.

Long-Term Support

  • Weight management to reduce strain on healing bones.

  • Joint supplements (glucosamine, omega-3 fatty acids — ask your vet).

  • Gradual reintroduction to activity once fracture is fully healed.

  • Ongoing rehab to prevent stiffness and rebuild strength.

Monitoring and Communication

  • Keep a daily log of appetite, comfort, and mobility.

  • Watch for warning signs: swelling, renewed lameness, discharge, or chewing at the splint.

  • Follow-up with your veterinarian for scheduled rechecks and X-rays.

Final Thoughts

Radius and ulna fractures require strict rest, proper stabilization, and dedicated aftercare to heal successfully. With veterinary management, structured rehabilitation, and careful at-home support, most dogs return to full mobility and comfort.