Biceps Tendinopathy in Dogs

Description of the Condition

Biceps tendinopathy is a condition affecting the biceps brachii tendon, which runs over the shoulder joint and helps flex the elbow and extend the shoulder.

  • Results from inflammation, micro-tears, or degeneration of the tendon.

  • Causes pain, stiffness, and lameness, especially in the front limb.

  • May develop gradually from overuse, or suddenly from trauma.

  • If untreated, it can progress to chronic pain and reduced shoulder function.

Common Causes

  • Repetitive stress injuries in active or working dogs (jumping, sudden stops/turns).

  • Degeneration with age, weakening the tendon over time.

  • Trauma from falls, slips, or overextension.

  • Can also occur as a secondary problem in dogs with other shoulder conditions (OCD, instability).

Breeds at Risk

  • Medium-to-large active breeds (Labrador Retrievers, Border Collies, German Shepherds).

  • Sporting and agility dogs.

  • Middle-aged to older dogs due to cumulative wear.

Possible Treatments

  • Conservative Management:

    • Rest and controlled activity restriction.

    • Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

    • Rehabilitation therapy (heat therapy, massage, stretching, strengthening).

  • Injections: Corticosteroids or regenerative medicine therapies (PRP, stem cell).

  • Surgical Treatment: Rarely needed, but may involve tendon release or debridement in severe or chronic cases.

Role of Rehabilitation

Pain and Inflammation Management

  • Cold therapy early to reduce inflammation.

  • Heat therapy in later stages to promote healing.

  • Stretching and massage to promote circulation and comfort.

Stretching, Massage, and Range of Motion

  • Gentle stretching to maintain mobility of the shoulder.

  • Passive range of motion to prevent stiffness.

  • Massage of surrounding muscles to relieve tension.

Strengthening and Stability

  • Gradual strengthening of the shoulder and core muscles.

  • Controlled leash walks progressing to uphill walking and swimming.

  • Proprioceptive training with balance equipment to restore joint stability.

Measuring Recovery and Communication

  • Goniometry to track shoulder range of motion.

  • Progress notes including lameness scores, mobility, and comfort level.

  • Outcome measures such as return to activity or sport.

What Owners Can Do at Home

Your role at home is key to helping your dog recover from biceps tendinopathy.

Safe Handling and Environment

  • Restrict running, jumping, and rough play until cleared.

  • Use leash-only walks.

  • Provide soft bedding and non-slip flooring.

  • Avoid high-impact activities like fetch or agility until rehab is complete.

Home Exercises (When Cleared by Your Rehab Practitioner)

  • PROM: Gentle flexion/extension of the shoulder.

  • Controlled leash walks: Short, slow walks to encourage safe use of the limb.

  • Strengthening: Sit-to-stand, hill walking, or swimming as approved.

  • Massage: Reduces stiffness and promotes healing.

Long-Term Support

  • Maintain lean body weight.

  • Provide joint-supportive nutrition (omega-3s, glucosamine, chondroitin).

  • Keep activity consistent but moderate — avoid sudden bursts of high-intensity exercise.

  • Monitor for recurrence of lameness, especially after heavy activity.

Monitoring and Communication

  • Keep a daily log of lameness, activity, and comfort.

  • Report any regression (return of limping, stiffness, or pain) promptly.

  • Regularly update your rehab practitioner for adjustments to the exercise plan.

Final Thoughts

Biceps tendinopathy can be frustrating for active dogs and owners, but with early diagnosis, structured rehabilitation, and consistent at-home care, most dogs recover well and return to their favorite activities. Preventing reinjury through weight control, safe exercise, and ongoing strength work is critical for long-term success.